Life of Olaudah Equiano free essay sample

Aloud Equation was born in 1 745, in now what is known as Nigeria, but back then was known as the region inhabited by the Gobo people. He was one of 7 children, the youngest of 6 boys, and he also had one younger sister. Source 1, Quinoas autobiography, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Aloud Equation or Gustavo Vass the African, which tells the story of how he was kidnapped at a young age, possibly 1 1, from the Gobo village of Essay in the region of Benign, where he had grown up.From here he endured the Middle Passage to the New World, where he was forced to into slave labor. This Ewing said, some writers, however, claim that Equation was born in colonial South Carolina and not in Africa. Source 2, is a map that shows the route of Quinoas many travels throughout his long career that was said to be 8 years, at sea. We will write a custom essay sample on Life of Olaudah Equiano or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It clearly demonstrates that he was unusually well-traveled for his time. He stated in his autobiography that he was passed from owner to owner in Africa, and was eventually sold to a slaver bound for Barbados.Here he was reconditioned, after experiencing the traumatic experience of the Middle Passage. He was then purchased to work as a slave on a plantation in Virginia, where conditions tended to be much more humane than in the sugar colonies. This was said to be the first of several fortunate turns of fate. Equation was first renamed Gustavo Vass by his English master Mr. Campbell, however within a year; he had been sold again and was now in the hands of a British Naval officer, Michael Henry Pascal. Source 2, a map of Quinoas travels, As Equation traveled with Pascal to England, he found himself in a situation that would give him the ability to become educated in the seafaring life and gain other valuable life skills. In his autobiography, he called that as well as learning the basics of seamanship from Pascal, l had long wished to read and write and for this purpose took every opportunity to gain instruction. Both of these endeavourers, proved to serve him very well. Hence sources 1 and 2 show, Equation served Pascal and, though still s slave, attainted the rating of able seaman.He voyaged to many places such as Italy, Greece, and points east. He was also present at major naval battles during the seven years (French and Indian) war. When the war concluded in 1762, he was sold again, this time to a slave trader bound for the West Indies. This is where Equation carried out his new masters business (which including selling slaves), while managing to buy and sell trade goods for his own account. While Equation himself was treated fairly well, he could not help but take in the terrible mistreatment of the slaves in this region. It was very common in several of the islands For slaves to be branded with the initial letters of their masters name, and a load of heavy iron hooks hung about their necks. Indeed on the most trifling occasions they were loaded with chains, and often instruments of torture were added, he wrote. L have seen a negro beaten till some Of his bones were broken for even letting a pot boil over. Equation earned 40 pounds from his private business ventures and, in 1766 was then was able to purchase his freedom.He returned to London and learned a new trade that of a hairdresser. Not long after, he decided that going to sea would be a more lucrative, if more dangerous, profession. During the next part of his life, Equation would add to his considerable seafaring resume. In 1733 he signed on with British expedition of Captain Constantine Phipps to earache for a northeast passage through the Arctic Ocean, recalling years later that l was roused by the sound of fame to seek new adventure, and to find towards the North Pole, what our Creator never intended we should, a passage to India. In the Arctic, Equation reported that we saw many very high and curious mountains of ice; and also a great number of very large whales, which used to come close to our ship and blow the water up to a v ery great height in the air. Quinoas final trading voyage, to Jamaica was in 1777, following this he returned to London to stay. By this time anti slavery managing were strengthening and he chose to devote his considerable energies to that cause.Equation became a major voice for abolishing both the transatlantic trade and chattel slavery wherever it existed. Not long after he wrote Surely this traffic cannot be good, which spreads like a pestilence, and ATA nuts what it touches! Which violates that first natural right of mankind, equality and independence, and gives one man dominion over his fellow which God could never intend! Quinoas autobiography received 9 printing editions, before his death that occurred in 1797.

Smart Goals Wroksheet Essay Example

Smart Goals Wroksheet Essay Example Smart Goals Wroksheet Essay Smart Goals Wroksheet Essay University of Phoenix Material SMART Goals Part A: Reflect on your results from the Career Interest Profiler Activity and the Career Plan Building Activity: Competencies. Building on your strengths and weaknesses, create five SMART goals to help you with your personal academic and career journey. Resource: University of Phoenix Material: Goal Setting Example: Take a writing workshop in the next 2 to 3 weeks to help me improve my writing skills in order to successfully communicate with others. 1. Get my bumper fixed. 2. Get my son off the bottle. 3. Get my brakes and oil changed on my car. 4. Have a set time to go to bed and wake up. 5. Buy a new computer and printer when i get my school money. Part B: Evaluate your SMART goals according to the SMART criteria. Provide support for your evaluation. | |S |M |A |R |T | |Goal |Is the goal specific? |Is the goal measurable? |Is the goal attainable? Is the goal realistic? |Is the goal timely? | |Example: Take a writing workshop |Yes |Yes | Yes | Yes |Yes | |in the next 2 to 3 weeks to help | | | | | | |me improve my writing skills in |I will take a workshop to |I will measure my goal by |Writing workshops are ffered |I would have extra time to take|Two to three weeks is enough | |order to successfully communicate|improve my writing skills. |whether I complete the |on a weekly basis by University|the workshop. |time to complete a writing | |with others. | |workshop. |of Phoenix. | |workshop. | | | | | | | | |Goal 1: Get my bumper fixed by |Yes. Yes. |Yes. |Yes. |Yes. | |the end of this month. |I want to get the bumper on my |I have a deadline to get it |There is a place not 15 minutes|I can get the parts i need for |I can get it done one saturday | | |car fixed. |done by. |from my house where i can get a|a very cheap, reasonable price. |when im off. | | | | |replacement part. | | |Goal 2: Get my son off the |Yes. |Yes. |Yes. |Yes. |Yes. | |bottle. | I want to take away my sons |I can set a specific date i |It is something that needs to |Everyones children must come |We will work on weining. | | |bottle completely and have him |would like to achieve this by, |be done sooner rather than |off the bottle sometime. | | | |on a sippy cup. |given my son cooperates. later. | | | | | | | | | | |Goal 3: Get my brakes and oil |Yes. |Yes. |Yes. |Yes. |Yes. | |changed on my car within the next|My car needs to be taken care |This needs to be done on or |I have money put away |Every car has to have it done |It HAS to be done y a certain | |3000 miles. of have its scheduled |before 3000 miles. |specifically for this. |every so often. |milege. | | |maintence. | | | | | | | | | | | | |Goal 4: Have a set time to go to |Yes. Yes. |Yes. |Yes. |Yes. | |bed and wake up. |I want to make sure to go to |I need to have a set time to |However i need to make sure i |I might have to tweak my |I can slowly transition to this| | |bed on time so i can get up o n |wake up go to bed, lets say |get enough rest. |schedule but it can absolutely |in the next few weeks. | | |time. |10pm 530am. |work. | | |Goal 5: Buy a new computer and |Yes. |Yes. |Yes. |Yes. |No. | |printer when i get my school |I want to have the things i |I will make sure to do this |I KNOW i have the money coming |I will spend the money on what |I am not for certain when my | |money. |need for school. |when i get my money for school. |to me. |it needs to e spent on. |money will get here. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Part C: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. How is understanding your career interests and competencies helpful in creating SMART goals? It helps because you can then determine where you need to be focusing your attention and putting your energy and effort. You can set out goals that could be pointing you in the wrong direction and when you finally complete them you might feel like it was a waste of time. So use the Careerv Profiler to your advantage because it can help you understand what it exactly you want to do. Even open you up to knew ideas you might not have known interested you. 2. How can understanding the value of SMART goals help in achieving your personal academic and career goals? I think just understanding how to use SMART goals itself is very helpful. It is a handy tool to help you create and lay out plans for yor goals instead of just talking about things. This way instead of just saying you want to do this and you want to do that you can actually sit down a realistically know what you want and how to make the things you want attainable.

Field Project Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Field Project Assignment - Essay Example This is done using various tools available to top management and one of the most useful and also dreaded is the performance evaluation when employees are compared and if they measure up. Performance evaluations are usually done annually, or could be done per semester or by quarter. These evaluations can be highly effective tools depending on how these are administered. I had chosen to attend training at the Center for Urban Community Services Institute for this purpose last March 20, 2014 focused on the topic of â€Å"Creating Effective Performance Evaluations.† The Center for Urban Community Services (CUCS) Institute is located at 198 E. 121st St. in New York City and this particular non-profit non-government organization (NGO) was once a community project of Columbia University back in 1979 but has since expanded its community outreach programs beyond its immediate environs after it was officially incorporated in 1993. I choose CUCS Institute because of its vast experience in providing training and research to other non-profits and government agencies engaged in social services using evidence-based practices; it had been honored by the New York Times for its effective impact (CUCS, 2013, para. 2). The training session was a whole day event and I consider the time well spent since I had learned a lot during that time. Some of the lessons learned about performance evaluations are the following: a performance evaluation (also known as performance appraisal) is for improvement, whether at the personal (employee) level or at the organizational level, it is used for making the important decisions such as promotion, compensation, transfer, or termination, giving feedback, counseling, and imposing disciplinary sanctions. There are a number of benefits to be derived in conducting performance evaluations but only if these are done right; these include promotion of

Organizational Human Resources Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organizational Human Resources - Assignment Example However an overall organizational diagnosis must be conducted to identify the needs and the areas of change. Organizational change can be defined as the initiative by the mangers to keep a constant creative, innovative and intelligent watch over the environmental forces and to audit the impact and influence on the business concerned and to find out action programs to find out appropriate strategies to maintain balance between the two different forces, controllable as well as non-controllable. The study has been conducted in lieu of analyzing the key areas of changes, dealing with the factors providing resistance to changes and the process of overcoming the changes. The study has been conducted by keeping Diamond Express, Inc and the organizational scenario of the company in mind (Goswami, 2010, p. 105). Background of the Study Diamond Express, Inc. is a two years old customer sales and service company. It has 150 employees. Very recently the senior management has hired a new HR manag er to develop a fully functional human resource department. This is a key strategic move considering the near future expansion plans of the company. Identifying Areas of Change The HR functions of the organization is scattered among individuals. This consists of some employees belonging to the administrative position looking after paper works and a management team looking after HR issues. Considering the mentioned landscape of the organization the key challenges of the newly appointed HR manager has been summed up. One of the major challenges to be faced by the manager is to achieve centralization. HR functioning is a very much core and specialized area. Therefore the company must have a fully functional HR department to look after the core areas. Therefore the manager may hire some HR executives to look after the core areas such as recruitment, payroll processing, performance management, etc. Also these executives act as a touch point to various departments. The employees looking a fter the admin work can also be a part of the HR department forming HR and admin division. This recommendation has been provided based on the assumption that the organization has the budget to afford recruitment new executives. Another challenge to be faced by the new HR manager is to keep a high morale among the employees. The hiring of a new manager may make some the employees to raise a few eye brows. This may lead to negative organizational grape vines lowering the moral of the employees. This may create insecurity among the employees and lead to attrition. Therefore the best way to avoid such unwanted circumstances is to communicate properly with the employees to build an environment of trust and employee engagement to ensure retention. As the management as well as the HR manager wants to achieve organizational change it is imperative for the employees to understand the role and responsibilities. Therefore the Hr manager must make sure that detailed Job descriptions are prepare d across the all departments. The HR manager should entrust the responsibility to the executives looking after different departments. The executive should carry out a job interview for specific job holders to prepare a detailed and appropriate job description. Along with job description the employees should be provided the KRA or key result areas, so that the employees can understand the parameters

The March That Started a Movement Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The March That Started a Movement - Case Study Example Time has come to praise the contribution King made to free the African American community from the slavery they were forced into for years by their white oppressors. This essay is significant for those who live in third world countries, in the end giving them the faith that, one day, they will also become strong leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. King was a minister from Alabama, who would later become the leading voice of the civil rights movement. For that, he traveled across the country, simultaneously arranging protests and marches to bring attention to the fight which African Americans faced on a day-to-day basis. Like many before him who had sought to end social prejudice and injustice, King was thrown in jail on several times; throughout the ordeal he sustained a personal viewpoint of peacefulness as a means of succeeding. He thought that taking a combative attitude would perhaps just formulate things of inferior quality, with the accurate way to success being achieved through avocation of both truth and acceptance. King is perhaps most famous for his approach during the Civil Rights Movement. He too would be impacted by the events of the movement, or by means of eminence at rest become diehard. In fact King and Quaid i.e azam were the best symbols of the historic civil rights movements of the 20th century which serve d to enhance the lives for a greater part of the world's common people. They established the efficiency of diplomatic tactics and by this means were able to help to decrease the violence and hate, with the purpose of triumphing over colonialism, as well as officially imposed cultural unfairness. In 1962, frustration had become widespread in African American communities throughout the country. The African American unemployment rate was twice as high in comparison to the rate of whites and sadly, major human rights reforms had not yet been accomplished. Asa Philip Randolph, labor leader and founder of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, had labeled the suggestion of a march as a need "for jobs and freedom." One of the most essential points of the march was the demand that Congress be interested in the process leading towards the anticipation of civil rights legislation. Negroes had become irritated by continued unfairness. Their definitive ambition was total, unqualified freedom for themselves. The mainstream white progressives were heated by the rough treatment given to the African American community. The march in the beginning was considered to be an affair, which would serve to remedy the distressed circumstances faced by the blacks in the South, along with an excepti onally free break on the road to placing organizers' concerns, as well as their objections, squarely before the seat of power in the nation's capital. They proceeded to condemn the federal government not being in favor of human rights and corporeal shelter of civil rights workers and blacks that lived, by and large, in the South. On the other hand, the factions did submit to presidential demands and authority of the Executive branch of government. Historically, most would consider the March on Washington as an especially momentous occurrence, not just in the United States, but the rest of the world as well. In excess of 250,000 people came to Washington in their bid to insist that equal opportunity for blacks are given and that Congress must

Going Green Eco Friendly Practises Politics Essay

Going Green Eco Friendly Practises Politics Essay Going green has become a part of everyday speech. People converse with each other about their own eco-friendly practices, the media portrays new pro-environmental techniques, and the government is promoting going green as well. It seems that with the abundance of information about being eco-friendly, more people would participate. However, many people are reticent to joining the green revolution because of both cultural and psycho-social characteristics including; type of society they live in, location, race, socioeconomic group, gender, and age. In this essay, I will explore each of these factors and relate them to the bigger issues of pollution, global warming, and reduction of the ozone layer, as they affect a world that is far from being as green as it could be. These factors will also assist to provide a framework for a society that has the potential to develop eco-friendly habits. The technology for implementing environmentally sound practices is all around us. However,  ¿Ã‚ ½the biggest challenge is not inventing new technology but persuading more people to adopt technology and practices that already exist ¿Ã‚ ½ (Charles 804). Therefore, it could have been assumed that people did not engage in pro-environmental activities because of their ignorance; specifically, ignorance of the rewards, pleasures, and benefits of being eco-friendly. Some researchers suggest that one way to combat this is by forcing changes upon people. That way, they have no choice but to partake in pro-environmental activities. For example, In Juneau, Alaska, a transmission line for power was cut off and the civilians had to adjust their style of living to not waste the precious electricity they had left until the line was fixed. After the line was fixed, the eco-friendly practices the people had adopted did not disappear but were still used and consequently the city now saves electric al power every year (Charles 805). However, every city is not like Juneau, Alaska, and therefore people in other parts of the country may need to be motivated differently. Some researchers believe that incentives, mainly in the form of money, need to be produced in order to motivate the public. What motivates an individual according to Yeonshin Kim is what he calls Perceived Consumer Effectiveness, or PCE, which refers to  ¿Ã‚ ½the extent to which individuals believe that their actions will make a difference in solving a problem ¿Ã‚ ½ (Ellen, Weiner, and Cobb-Walgren 1991). If an individual has the desire to get involved in pro-environmental action to benefit society, they are more likely to undertake that task rather than put it off. The desire to be green is developed over time and it is based on individual ¿Ã‚ ½s experiences. Different experiences vary based on the type of societal view that an individual inhabits. There are two basic types of societal views that impact eco-friendly initiatives; individualistic and collectivistic. Both Yeonshin Kim and Sejung M. Choi, authors of  ¿Ã‚ ½Antecedents of Green Purchase Behavior: An Example of Collectivism, Environmental Concern, and PCE, ¿Ã‚ ½ as well as Gary Baverstock, an author who writes about sustainable energy at the national level, agree that eco-friendly activity is typically smaller in individualistic societies than in collectivistic societies. This is because individuals in individualistic societies, such as Canada and the United Kingdom, typically focus on themselves while other parts of the society focus on its own problems. Individualistic societies are also typically richer than average. Collectivistic societies, like many Latin American countries, on the other hand, combine the efforts of the individual with those of the community, the government, and the nation as a whole, and are typically on the poorer end of the spectrum. Ther efore all pro-environmental activities are directed at one goal either through education, self-interest, or mass movements. These positive actions are the result of a greater number of individuals that practice self efficacy in collectivistic societies. When individuals have confidence in what they do as well as confidence in that it will have a positive effect on others, it is easier to promote pro-environmental actions through them. Irene Tilikidou, author of  ¿Ã‚ ½Types and Influential Factors of Consumers Non-Purchasing Ecological Behaviors, ¿Ã‚ ½ proposes that to encourage such action in collectivistic societies, the government and the community must educate the individual instead of the other way around. This way, people can learn the values of going green and then combine their efforts with others. Collectivistic and individualistic societies can be found all around the world and one key determinant of whether a society is collectivistic or individualistic is location. Location, therefore, also has a profound effect on the possibility for societies to adopt eco-friendly practices. The Tilikidou survey, which earlier discussed pro-government action to promote eco-friendly actions, was conducted in Greece. One of the key causes of pollution in Greece is caused by their well known traffic problems ( ). However, they are a collectivistic society in which people come to the aid of others in times of need. If the government directs its efforts at educating the populous on the benefits of public transit, it is possible for Greece to start working its way into its own green revolution. Tilikidou also describes how people must have a desire to change. If they are not inclined to become eco-friendly in the first place, it will be much more difficult for them to adopt such practices. Luck ily, Greece is a collectivistic country. In other words it can be assumed that more citizens will be inclined to attempt almost any pro-environmental practice that the community educates them on. Australia is another example of a country trying to educate its population on green practices. It is not completely clear as to whether Australia is a collectivistic or individualistic society. However, based on the article , ¿Ã‚ ½A Case for Establishing a Nationally Based Program for Sustainable Energy and Water Use in the Built Environment: An Investigation Into: Establishing a Vibrant R, D  ¿Ã‚ ½ D Collaborative Centre for Energy Efficient Lifestyles, Developmental Patterns, Building Technologies and Building Design Strategies, ¿Ã‚ ½ by Gary Baverstock, I assumed it was another example of a collectivistic country. I base this assumption on the fact that Baverstock writes about the new establishment called the Research Institute for Sustainable Energy, RISE, which promotes the education of citizens on pro-environmental behaviors through a holistic approach. A country whose universities are actively involved in educating the populous falls under the category of a collectivisti c society. This, however, does not mean that those who do not attend universities are left behind. The government, communities, and lower level schools are also a key factors in educating all parts of any country on eco-friendly developments. RISE promotes the development of a Cooperative Research Centre, or CRC, in which universities across the country will educate their students and the public on eco-friendly behaviors. RISE proposes that the  ¿Ã‚ ½[CRC] needs to be a holistic entity, part of a learning system that includes the community, industry and governance ¿Ã‚ ½ (Baverstock et al 160). However, Australia actually ranks among the top countries in the world for individualism. After seeing this, it makes sense that a program such as RISE be put into place. Among the other highly ranked individualistic countries overall are Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America, all countries that are considered rich. Latin American countries typically are more collectivistic but generally poverty stricken. Poverty stricken areas in the United States are usually populated by minorities, which brings me to my next point of emphasis, race. It is generally concluded in the United States that higher educated people, specifically white males with high income, are more likely to take on eco-friendly initiatives. However, there is now research proving that high levels of pro-environmental action are being proposed by minority groups. In Eugene Uyeki ¿Ã‚ ½s article,  ¿Ã‚ ½Diffusion of pro-environment Attitudes, ¿Ã‚ ½ he claims that minority groups are more likely to be pro-environmental since they are constantly being exposed to the least desirable living areas in the world. These places are typically located near waste plants and i ndustry, which are very highly polluted areas. He then concludes that since they are exposed to so much pollution, they are more inclined to take action against it ( ). The highly educated, white male typically lives in the suburbs, a place where there is most likely no effluence of pollution, and therefore he does not see the full effects of pollution. If he cannot see the problematic effects that occur, then cannot have any desire to fix them. However, minority groups might be more inclined to take on pro-environmental behaviors, but they do not always have the resources to do so. The highly educated white populous can actually take on pro-environmental activities because they have the money and the resources to do so. Still, this does not mean that said action is taken. Irene Tilikidou, who has written many articles on recycling and pro-environmental behavior, used a survey to attempt to collect data on people ¿Ã‚ ½s own opinions of their recycling habits. Some conclusions she drew from the survey include that individuals with positive attitudes towards recycling are more likely to participate in it because they are either swayed by self motivation or they think it is their social responsibility, people who are already involved in the going green revolution are more likely to engage in other pro-environmental activities, and that all nations must recognize the benefit of motivation when it comes to consumer attitudes on going green. However the most important conclusion she drew was that highly educated people are more likely to engage in eco-friendly initiatives. This caught my attention not only because it is contradictory to my point that minority and poverty groups are more likely to engage in eco-friendly initiatives, but also that this was based off of conclusion drawn from a survey. Since surveys have a high potential to being exposed to bias, this survey is no different. The highly educated people who participated in the survey could have answered how they thought society expected them to answer rather than giving the true answer. This reiterates how people are sometimes only claiming to be eco-friendly when they are actually not doing much if anything to participate in pro-environmental activities. This shouldn ¿Ã‚ ½t be surprising in the least bit because most people in the present day have been informed of the environmental problems the world is struggling with since childhood. Many children would construct or design posters with pictures of either a sick earth, a slogan promoting pro-environmental behaviors, or anything along those lines. However, what did those children actually do to help the environment after creating these posters or what could they even do to take the actions they promoted? The answer is usually nothing and with  ¿Ã‚ ½nothing ¿Ã‚ ½ could have come a mentality to promote action for or against something without the desire to take truly take action. In The Psychology of Environmental Problems, Deborah Du Nann Winter claims pro-environmental attitudes are more established in children and younger people because they are less likely to bring in family income so it is less complicated for them to vocalize their attitudes (Du Nann 61). Donna Lee King, in her book Doing Their Share to Save the Planet, describes exactly what children are doing to promote eco-friendly activities, but doing nothing about it, as well as why children are led to believe they must promote these activities. Children endorse pro-environmental behaviors mostly through their own illustrations of how to help the earth, what the future of the earth was doomed to become if no action was taken, and how they helped to keep the earth clean, but many had no method of carrying out their claims on a broader scale, no knowledge of the true effect of their claims, nor any inclination to fulfill their claims other than to broadcast them. Her logic for this is that children are led to believe they must advocate going green due through their schooling and the government, and are therefore filled with misinformation ( ). A key aspect of her research was the fact that she divided her observations into subgroups that include location, race, and gender. What she found was that, in the United States, the north was more pro-environmental than the south, girls are more pro-environmental than boys, and poor, black children are more pro-environmental than any other race or socio-economic group (King 67). The first result came as a slight surprise since the northern United States is typically thought of as individualistic and the southern states as collectivistic. My guess is that this is related to the civil war era when the northern states were all about small businesses and working alone to support their families while the south was focused around plantations and working together to support their family and friends. There is not much research to support this assumption however. The two basic conclusions that King drew in that minority groups are more pro-environmental than other socioeconomic groups and that women are more likely to promote going green than men did coincide with my previous research. The most important conclusion, nonetheless, is that support for going green is developed at an early age in the present day but taking steps to perform the actions necessary to complete what children are promoting is lacking. Much of this knowledge of environmental problems but lack of understanding what to do about it can be related to psychology, especially behavioral psychology, which focuses on how the environment plays a major role on how people ¿Ã‚ ½s behaviors develop (Du Nann 88). Behaviorism explains through operant conditioning how behaviors can be developed and modified. Operant conditioning involves taking a behavior and reinforcing it either positively or negatively. Positive reinforcement is used when a certain behavior is desired or should be constructive and can be conditioned through rewards for completing beneficial activities. Incentive recycling is an example of this, where the recycling company offers and incentive such as payment or rewards to those who participate in recycling. Negative actions are operations that need to be done away with through a process called negative punishment. This involves the removal of certain activities in order to promote the action of other activitie s. Some examples of this include the electric company making electric bills go up so people use learn to use electricity more sparingly, gas stations raising the prices of gasoline causing people to think of using alternative travel measures such as hybrid cars, car-pooling, or public transit ( ). It is through operant conditioning that we can educate the present and future generations on how to bring about positive change to the environmental problems surrounding us. Positive reinforcement should be applied to those who are actively participating in going green as well as those who are not so that everyone has an incentive to take pro-environmental action. Negative reinforcement should be applied to those who promote without taking action, such as giving them the resources they need in order to practice what they preach. According to Deborah Du Nann Winter, negative reinforcement should be carried out through three types of discriminative stimuli; prompts, information, and modeling (Du Nann Winter 97). Prompts are signals that communicate what actions are appropriate, including self-reminders to take out the recycle at the appropriate time (Du Nann Winter 97). Information refers to explaining procedures are providing examples of eco-friendly acts such as commercials promoting use of geothermal energy or riding a bicycle instead of driving a car. Modeling involves actions done in public that are then mimicked by others who saw the action take place. This can be as small as picking up a piece of litter in the park. Modeling in behaviorism relates largely to social psychology, the study of how society influences an individual ¿Ã‚ ½s decisions (Du Nann Winter 56). Society has always been a factor in manufacturing individual ¿Ã‚ ½s decisions. It influences career choices, relationships, and especially eco-friendly activities. Many pro-environmental decisions are made because sometime society causes people to feel uncomfortable in such a way that individuals believe they must get rid of that feeling, also known as cognitive dissonance (Du Nann Winter 57). The main way of doing this is by the individual doing what they think society will be most acceptable of. Take the example of the person who picks up a piece of litter in the park. Many of those who watched this person while they were picking up the litter will be influenced in some way. They will either mimic the action taking place at another point in time because they feel that society will accept them for it, or they feel that society will not scrutinize them if they do not do the same, and example of S.H. Schwartz ¿Ã‚ ½s norm activation theory in Rama Mohana R. Turaga ¿Ã‚ ½s article  ¿Ã‚ ½Pro-environmental Behavior: Rational Choice Meets Moral Motivation. ¿Ã‚ ½ Norm activation theory is composed of two aspects,  ¿Ã‚ ½awareness of consequences ¿Ã‚ ½ and  ¿Ã‚ ½ascription of responsibility. ¿Ã‚ ½ Awareness of consequences is described such as an individual must heed the consequences of their actions as it affects the welfare of others, such as not smoking in public, while ascription of responsibility is the drive that compels an individual to take on those actions, such as an incentive for recycling. Another example of cognitive dissonance at work is the survey conducted by Irene Tilikidou that was previously discussed. Those highly educated individuals who answered that they are very eco-friendly could have been acting under the influence of cognitive dissonance in order to stay humbled in the public e ye. The main factors that contribute to cognitive dissonance are social norms. A norm is  ¿Ã‚ ½and implicit rule, an expectation about what kind of behavior is appropriate in a given situation ¿Ã‚ ½ (Du Nann Winter 67). Environmental social norms are typically positive, in which the public expects others to participate in activities that are environmentally sound. However, not all actions are based on social norms. According to Freudian theory, people act of instincts and unconscious drives. Yes these instincts are sometimes socially acceptable because they follow the social norm, but this is not always the case. Some people ¿Ã‚ ½s instincts allow them to act differently than society expects them to. These unconscious drives have no motive other than an inner force compelling individuals to act instinctively or give themselves untrue rationales for their actions. . For example, someone throws an item that could be recycled into the trash based on the untrue rationale that their one item is insignificant and will have no major consequence upon the earth. They however forget that many people think like this because we all have similar human instincts. This could mean that in one day, if half of the people in the United States threw away one item that could have been recycled, over 150,000 pieces of recycle would have been added to the huge garbage dumps each day. Garbage dumps are a one of the biggest problems in America today and it continues to be a global problem (Bacard 43). This is only one aspect of pollution as a whole which is an ever increasing commodity around the world as well. Pollution is further exponentially increased by deforestation to build industry, oil dumping by not only large corporations but individuals as well, and increased use of individual transit instead of public transit. People who operate landfills claim that people will throw away almost anything which in turn causes there to be increasing amounts of damage. This carelessness could be attributed to the fact that people in individualistic countries throw away items without considering the benefits another person might have from it. Collectivistic countries, typically poor countries, need to use all the resources they have and share what they don ¿Ã‚ ½t use to maintain a steady and beneficial way of life. Location also affects pollution. For example, if a perso n lives in the slums, they are constantly exposed to pollution in the streets, at their job, and possibly even at their home. This kind of an environment might allow a person to think they are following the social norms of their society when they contribute to this litter. Also, they might be so overwhelmed and over-exposed to this pollution that they begin to advocate against it. Each of these outcomes can be determined by whether the society they live in is individualistic or collectivistic, as well as whether the person is male or female.

Steps in building a shed :: essays papers

Steps in building a shed What ever the look or shape of your property it can probably be improved in some way by building a shed. Wether its purely for decoration or a specific function there are many reasons for building a shed. If you construct the shed yourself it can save you money because you don’t have to pay for labor. Another benefit is that you get to add your own character to it and have it just the way you want it. You don’t have to settle for a prefabricated average shed. you get the chance to tailor it to your needs and preferences. Not only can you save money by building it your self, you get the satisfaction of knowing that you made it . The first step in building a shed is deciding its intended purpose. Its purpose will probably determine the size, shape and cost of the shed. If its for improving the image of your landscape it will probably be a medium size shed but with lots of detail, which will increase the cost of construction. You might want to add windows to make the shed more appealing. A nice paint finished exterior gives you an opportunity to make the color match its surroundings such as the color of your house. If the shed is for tool storage and working area its going to need to be large enough to accommodate both you and you’re equipment. The increase in size means an increase in cost. Since it’s a storage, or work shed there is no real need to make it all that elaborate. Which will save a lot of money. If you will be spending a lot of time out in the shed it would be a good idea to make it a comfortable environment to work in. Adding insulation in the walls will keep out the cold and maint ain cool in the heat. Since there will probably be power tools that need electricity to run the shed should have some sort of electric source. You can simply run an extension cord from your house to the shed as a cheap alternative. If you are looking for something more professional and permanent, electric outlets can be installed inside the shed. most people are not electricians this should not be attempted by any novice do-it your selfer. Shelves are a good idea to increase interior storage space and incorporate the whole shed into usable space.

Sophronia Lui

Sophronia Lui Hong Kong, 1973 Sophronia Liu came to the United States. Lui earned her bachelor’s degree in English, and French and master’s degree in English from the University of South Dokata. She currently lives in Minneapolis St. Paul, where she is an organizer and educational consultant with the Asian-American community. So Tai – Fai This young man was a dirty, profane, and lazy. So Tai-Fai always caused trouble to his peers and to his missionary sisters at his Hong Kong school.He clearly wasn’t meant to be educated, and teachers were wasting their time and money on him. So why waste time on him? Sophronia Lui watches him every day in horror as his future breaks and falls. So Tai- Fai at age 14 the maximum age for sixth graders. In the sixth grade he failed almost all his tests and his classes. He failed 3 out of 14 subjects including, English, Grammar, Arithmetic, and Chinese Dictation.Horrible kid with a bad attitude, he passed notes in class made i nappropriate jesters toward his sixth grade teacher Sister Marie, and he was put in timeouts for being late. Sophronia Lui’s classmate So Tai-Fai dare-devilish attitude was always a burden in her class. He shows up late and in a mess, his hair in tangles, dirt on his face, and in a worn out dirty shirt. Sister Marie their sixth grade English teacher always asked him â€Å"why are you so dirty all the time, doesn’t tour mother flat iron your shirt? † â€Å"What about insecticide? So Tai- Fai sometimes joked around and classmates thought it was a joke that he was consuming insecticide that he got from his dads farm, which took his life during the school year. He died on his way to the hospital, his parents sad and devastated on his side. So Tai-Fai was the oldest son out of three children. His dad was a vegetable farmer, and his mother worked in a local factory. So Tai-Fai helped out with his dad in the vegetable fields with crops in Wong Juk-hang, by the sea. Sa dly, So Tai-Fai made it to the sixth grade.

The Terza Rima Style of Poetry

The Terza Rima Style of Poetry Terza rima is poetry written in three-line stanzas (or â€Å"tercets†) linked by end-rhymes patterned aba, bcb, cdc, ded, efe, etc. There is no specified number of stanzas in the form, but poems written in terza rima usually end with a single line or a couplet rhyming with the middle line of the last tercet. Dante Alighieri was the first poet to use terza rima, in his Divine Comedy, and he was followed by other Italian poets of the Renaissance, like Boccaccio and Petrarch. Thomas Wyatt and Geoffrey Chaucer brought terza rima into English poetry in the 14th century, Romantic poets including Byron and Shelley used it in the 19th century, and a number of modern poets from Robert Frost to Sylvia Plath to William Carlos Williams to Adrienne Rich have written terza rima in English- all these despite the fact that English doesn’t offer nearly as many rhyming possibilities as Italian. That is why Robert Pinsky used near-rhymes and slant rhymes in his 1994 translation of The Divine Comedy, to reproduce Dante’s terza rima in English without the sing-song effect of strict repeating rhymes. Meter is not specified in terza rima, although most English poets using the form have done so with lines in iambic pentameter. Examples: We have two poems written in standard terza rima in English in our library here at About Poetry: Ode to the West Wind by Percy Bysshe Shelley (1820)â€Å"Acquainted with the Night† by Robert Frost (1923) And we also have as  example of Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s use of a modified terza rima in which all three lines of each stanza rhyme: The Two Voices (1842) See our terza rima links to read more poems written in English using terza rima around the Web.

History of Canadas Death Penalty

History of Canada's Death Penalty Capital punishment was removed from the Canadian Criminal Code in 1976. It was replaced with a mandatory life sentence without possibility of parole for 25 years for all first-degree murders. In 1998 capital punishment was also removed from the Canadian National Defence Act, bringing Canadian military law in line with the civil law in Canada. Here is a timeline of the evolution of capital punishment and the abolition of the death penalty in Canada. 1865 Crimes of murder, treason, and rape carried the death penalty in Upper and Lower Canada. 1961 The murder was classified into capital and non-capital offenses. Capital murder offenses in Canada were premeditated murder and murder of a police officer, guard or warden in the course of duty. A capital offense had a mandatory sentence of hanging. 1962 The last executions took place in Canada. Arthur Lucas, convicted of the premeditated murder of an informer and witness in racket discipline, and Robert Turpin, convicted of the unpremeditated murder of a policeman to avoid arrest, were hanged at the Don Jail in Toronto, Ontario. 1966 Capital punishment in Canada was limited to the killing of on-duty police officers and prison guards. 1976 Capital punishment was removed from the Canadian Criminal Code. It was replaced with a mandatory life sentence without possibility of parole for 25 years for all first-degree murders. The bill was passed by a free vote in the  House of Commons. Capital punishment still remained in the Canadian National Defence Act for the most serious military offenses, including treason and mutiny. 1987 A motion to reintroduce capital punishment was debated in the Canadian House of Commons and defeated on a free vote. 1998 The Canadian National Defence Act was changed to remove the death penalty and replace it with life imprisonment with no eligibility for parole for 25 years. This brought Canadian military law in line with the civil law in Canada. 2001 The  Supreme Court of Canada ruled, in United States v. Burns, that in extradition cases it is constitutionally required that in all but exceptional cases the Canadian government seek assurances that the death penalty will not be imposed, or if imposed not carried out.

A Criminal Group The American Mafia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

A Criminal Group The American Mafia - Essay Example Peace can be described as the occurrence of harmony, which is characterized by the absence of conflict behaviors, violence as well as the freedom resulting from fear of war or other kinds of violence. In other words, peace indicates the attempts made at reconciling warring parties and other international relationship. Currently, world peace has become an important agenda across various global forums, with countries striving towards fighting off terrorism and other activities that are claiming peoples live in huge numbers. Terrorism has been the major cause of underdevelopment in many countries that have been deeply affected by it. People fear to walk and undertake their diverse social, political and economic activities because of fear of attacks by terrorists, who often target mass destructions of property and lives of people. Across the world, various examples of damages caused by terrorists’ activities exist; with the issue become a matter of priority among governments of the world. Following this universal concern, this paper presents a case study of one of the renowned criminal groups in the United States. It examines some of the efforts being made by the government to ensure peace and security in the country. For a very long time, American police and other security agents have been struggling with some organized criminal gangs, which have been terrorizing people and causing various kinds of harm to people. Many incidents have been reported about various kinds of injuries and even death, which has been done on innocent people by these criminal gangs. In the past, the country has been forced to create new policies and other regulations in the process of strengthening their security systems for all people. The criminal gangs have not been widespread in the United States, but they have concentrated in some of the states, where they are believed to have started their criminal activities.

Pollution as an Environmental Concern for All Essay

Pollution as an Environmental Concern for All - Essay Example This essay discusses that there is no denying that pollution is a major problem in our world today. This problem poses a threat to the world’s population at the present time and to future generations, in terms of human health and development. There are several forms in which pollution can be observed. Each type of pollution has its own characteristics that make it unique from the other forms. Some forms of pollution are able to have a residual effect on the earth and inhabitants even a long while after it first originates. Some of these forms of pollution include heavy metal contamination and organic pollutants which persist over a long time period. A wide variety of different forms of pollution are affecting the quality of the soil, water and air that composes our environment. There are ways to cope with these problems, but it some cases the damage caused by pollution is irreversible. These pollutants originate from sources such as mining, improper waste management, smelting and processing plants, industrial mining activities, urban activities and improper recycling of materials such as lead acid batteries. Some of the worst pollution problems are in many forms a product of poverty. Urbanization at high levels and lack of infrastructure, overextended governments who are ill equipped to deal with crisis, present a dangerous situation for human health as people are exposed to pollution or are forced resort to dangerous forms of income generation that expose them to pollutants. Contaminated Water Sources Mercury contamination of groundwater and the environment is a major problem as a result of artisanal gold mining. Toxic materials are used quite commonly used in order to recover metals and gems from the earth. As a result of this practice, large amounts of mercury are released into the environment. The mercury is combined with gold carrying silt to form a compound that contains most of the gold that was in the silt. The mercury is later evaporated with th e use of blow torches or open flame to heat the compound and release the gold pieces. Mercury is released into the air and surrounding environment, which includes faraway places as it is deposited far from its place of origin. A variety or organisms are also affected as they absorb this substance from their environment. The mercury is then transformed through this process into methyl mercury, which is one of the most dangerous toxins that can find its way into the food chain. This substance acts as a neurotoxin. The fish and seafood we eat, and the air we breathe, may be contaminated by this mercury. However, the people and miners who are working in this industry are even more at risk for experiencing health problems due to exposure. It is estimated that for every gram of gold produced, two grams of mercury are emitted into the atmosphere. To deal with this problem, certain technologies can be used to reduce mercury vapours and recapture the mercury from the amalgamated compound so that it can be reused. There are programs initiating these techniques such as the UNIDO’s Global Mercury Project. The programs are effective when implemented at a community level but they do require much work and are challenging to deploy especially in low income areas. Surficial water contamination is threatening the health of each person on the planet. If water treatment plants are not able to keep up with high water consumption demands, we will all suffer the consequences. Currently one third of the world is experiencing some sort of water pollution issues and must face the challenges of only having contaminated water available. In the developing world, almost 5 million deaths are related to water